Title: Factors influencing the dynamics of the spread of Echinococcosis granulosus infection in animals and humans in Azerbaijan
Abstract:
The researches were conducted in order to determine the spreading of echinococcosis in sheep and goats in the Azerbaijan. The liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys of sheep and of goats were examined according to the echinococcus bladders. Overall, 2,600 sheep were researched on the seasons, the hydatid cysts were noted in 1,134 animals during the year (43.6%). During the year, the hydatid cysts were noted in 796 goats (43.1%) during the examination of 1845 goats. The samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to determine the active and inactive protoscoleces in the hydatic cysts.It was determined that there are invasion protoscoleces in the bladders of 90% of sheep and 85% of goats. The fecal samples belonging to 82 sheepdogs, 447 stray dogs, 75 foxes and 39 jackals were examined coprologically, in order to determine the infection status of E.granulosus cestodes in the main hosts. The eggs of Echinococcus granulosus cestodes were folowed in the samples belonging to 4 shepherd dogs (4.9%), 98 stray dogs (21.9%), 28 foxes (37.3%) and 7 jackals (17.9%). Based on the results of the examinations, it is known that foxes are the main hosts of E.granulosus cestode in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In the recent years, the climate change, the use of the forest areas as grazing land and the biotope change caused according to the search of food by animals, caused directly to the urbanization of the wild animals to the villages and towns. In addition to these factors, the known war in the regions near to the forest-rich areas of the country has caused to the intense appearance of the wild animals, especially foxes, even in the morning hours in the villages and towns. And this confirms that it is important to protect the animals from contact with the wild animals, especially foxes, which are more important than stray and shepherd dogs in the prevention of echinococcosis in small ruminants.
