Title: Unveiling the role of PAR 1: A crucial link with inflammation in Diabetic subjects with COVID-19
Abstract:
Objectives
The aim of the present study is to examine the serum PAR-1 levels and determine their association with different biochemical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 diabetic patients (T2DM) and non-diabetic COVID 19 patients.
Methodology
T2DM patients with COVID-19 (n=50) with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of (9.23±1.66) and non-DM COVID-19 patients (n=30) with HbA1c levels (4.39±0.57). The serum PAR-1 levels (ELISA method) were determined in both groups and correlated with parameters such as age, BMI, inflammatory markers including CRP, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), D-dimer, homocysteine, and N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT- proBNP).
Results
Demographic variables such as BMI (29.21±3.52 vs. controls 21.30±2.11), HbA1c (9.23±1.66 vs. controls 4.39±0.57) were found to be statistically elevated in COVID-19 T2DM patients than in COVID-19 non-DM subjects. The concentrations of several inflammatory biomarkers and PAR-1 were remarkably increased in COVID-19 T2DM group when compared with COVID-19 non-DM group. The univariate analysis revealed that increased serum PAR-1 estimations positively correlated with an enhanced HbA1c, BMI, inflammatory cytokines, D-dimer, homocysteine, and NT-proBNP.
Conclusion
The findings in the current study suggest that increased levels of serum PAR-1 in the bloodstream could potentially serve as an independent biomarker of inflammation in COVID-19 patients with T2DM.
